python中直接设置与获取cookie时,会出现编码错误。
(1)在设置cookie时没有考虑编码问题,例如书写的格式为:
response.set_cookie("favorite_color",request.GET["favorite_color"])
当cookie中含有中文时,可能会出现下面的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\program files\python37\lib\socketserver.py", line 650, in process_request_thread self.finish_request(request, client_address) File "D:\program files\python37\lib\socketserver.py", line 360, in finish_request self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) File "D:\program files\python37\lib\socketserver.py", line 720, in __init__ self.handle() File "D:\python\workspace\mysite\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 154, in handle handler.run(self.server.get_app()) File "D:\program files\python37\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line 144, in run self.close() File "D:\program files\python37\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line 35, in close self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'
(2)我们可能会想到在设置cookie值的时候通过encode('utf-8')函数进行转码,于是进一步改进的代码为:
response.set_cookie("favorite_color",request.GET["favorite_color"].encode('utf-8'))
这是网页就能顺利获取到的cookie中包含的中文字符了。
但是又出现了另外一个问题:后台获取刚刚存放在cookie中的值时,显示的内容不是原本的字符,而是转码后的十六进制字符,类似于下面这种:
Your favorite color is b'\xe8\x93\x9d\xe7\xbb\xbf\xe8\x89\xb2'
(3)解决方案为:
存储cookie的方法:
favorite_color=request.GET.get('favorite_color') color=favorite_color.encode('utf-8').decode('latin-1') response.set_cookie("favorite_color",color)
获取cookie的方法:
return HttpResponse("Your favorite color is %s" % request.COOKIES["favorite_color"].encode('latin-1').decode('utf-8'))
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